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Spanish Orthographic Rules

 


 

Use of B

 

        It must be written with B:

 

1)  Any verbs in which infinitive time ends with:

BER 

beber; to drink .

 

BIR  

 recibir; to receive. 

BUIR  

inbuir; to inculcate. 

Exceptions:

        Precaver, ver; volver; hervir; servir, vivir.

        ...and their compound times.

 

2)    The 1st person indicative imperfect past conjugation.

            In the first person indicative imperfect past conjugation such as: amaba; lloraba; bailaba.

 

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3)     The words that start with the following sounds:

BAN 

banco; bank.

 

BAT

batallón; battalion. 

BAR

barco; boat.

BOR  

borde; border.

BAS  

basta; enough.

BOT

bote; can.

BIBL 

biblioteca; library. 

BU

bula; bull.

BUR

burgés; bourgeois. 

BUS

buscador; searcher.  

Exceptions:

        Vándalo, vanguardia, vanidad, vara, varear, variar, varilla, varón, vasallo, vasco, vaselina, vasija, vaso, vástago y vasto, vate ,vaticano, vaticinar, voracidad, vorágine, votar, vuestro.

 

4)     The words that end with the following sounds:

BILIDAD accesibilidad;
accessibility.
  ILABA  Polisílaba; 
polysyllable.
BUNDO vagabundo;
vagabond.
ILABO monosílabo;
monosyllabic.
BUNDA abundante;
plentiful.
 

Exceptions:

        Civilidad, movilidad.

5)     Syllables that have a b sound after a consonant.

            In syllables that have a "b" sound after a consonant such as in amable and brusco.          

 

6)     Always after m.

            The "b" is always used after an "m" such as bomba, ambiente.

 

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Use of V

 

        It must be written with V:

 

1) When there is a V sound after the following syllable:

AD 

adviento; advent.

 

IN

inversión; investment.

CLA

clavel; carnation.

JO  

jóven; young.

CON  

convención; convention.

PRI  

privado; private.

DI

dividir; divide.

Exception:

        Dibujo.

 

2) In adjectives that end in: 

AVA 

octava; eighth.

 

EVE

nieve; snow.

AVE

llave; key.

EVO

huevo; egg.

AVO

esclavo; slave.

IVA

masiva; massive.

EVA

nueva; new (fem.) 

IVO

cautivo; captive.

Exception:

        "Arabe" and composed conjugations, as well as the adjectives formed with the "sílaba" substantive (monosílabo, bisílabo, etc).

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3) All of the verb "ir" present time conjugations.

            In all the verb "ir" present time conjugations as in: voy, ve, vaya, etc.

 

 

4) The verbs ended in "servar". 

            In all the verbs ended in "servar" like in: conservar/ conserve;  reservar/ reserve.

                   Exception:

                            Desebrar.

 

 

5) Composed words starting with "vice".

VICE

vicepresidente; vicepresident 

 

VILLA 

villamediana 

VILLAR 

Villarejo

 

 

6) Words that end in:

 

IVORA 

herbívora; herbivorous.

VIRO 

             

IVORA

carnívoro; carnivorous.

VIRA

Elvira;

                    

                    Exception:

                            Víbora.

 

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